具有凸极效应的永磁同步电机电磁振动特性

摘要

相对于表面式结构，具有凸极效应的永磁同步电机具有结构更加紧凑、转矩／功率密度更高的特点，但同时也对系统的减振降噪带来更大的挑战。针对这一问题，本文建立了具有凸极效应的电动汽车用永磁同步电机的径向电磁力波模型，并深入分析影响电磁力波频率和阶数的因素。其次，进行实验样机的机械有限元分析，获取模态振型和频率特征。最后对高速下实验样机的振动和噪声特性进行实验测量和数值分析，并与前面的理论和有限元预测结果进行了对比分析，验证了径向电磁力波解析式以及模态分析结论与实验测试数据频谱特征的一致性。同时，论文也研究了不同载波频率时，脉宽调制激励对电机振动特性的影响。%Comparing to the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM), motors with salient effect have the advantages of much more compact structure, higher torque(or power)-density, but with much stricter requirements to vibration and acoustic noise. To solve this problem, electromagnetic force wave mathematic models of the PMSMs for electric vehicles(EV) are deduced and the influential factors of frequency and orders of electromagnetic force wave are analyzed in this paper. Moreover, mechanical finite element analysis(FEA) is used to obtain the modal shape and frequency characteristics of prototype motor. Finally, vibration and acoustic noise characteristics of prototype motors at high speed are measured and numerically analyzed; comparisons are also made between estimated modals and experiment results. The results validate the good consistency between the radial electromagnetic force wave model, modal analysis and experimental measurements. Also, different carrier frequencies are researched to obtain the impact of PWM excitation on the vibration characteristics.