电动汽车高效率无线充电技术的研究进展

摘要

发展电动汽车是节能、环保和低碳经济的需求,而无线供电（WPT）是未来电动汽车（EV）供电技术的发展趋势。本文介绍了目前常用的三种WPT技术,指出电磁感应式WPT和电磁共振式WPT因为相对效率较高,更适合于EV充电。针对WPT系统,结合高效变换的目的,从拓扑、控制及变压器角度,对目前EV用WPT技术进行了分析,指出非接触变压器成为制约EV用WPT系统高效能量传递的主要瓶颈,进而对变压器高效化需要解决的主要问题和相关研究展开讨论。对于感应式WPT技术,本文就变压器低耦合系数问题和移动充电系统中的＂磁通分布不均＂问题,进行了相关技术介绍,并提供了解决思路;对于共振式WPT技术,介绍了其研究进展,指出该技术为中等距离的高效能量传输提供了全新的思路,但仍然存在许多技术盲点。%Wireless power transimission（WPT） technique will become the development trend of energy supply system for electric vehicles（EV）,which features the advantages of energy saving,low pollution and low-carbon emission.It is pointed out that electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic resonance of the three commonly used WPT techniques are more suitable for EV charging owing to their higher efficiency.With the purpose of efficient energy transfer for EV power system,a review on the topology,control and transformer of current-used WPT technique is made.It is indicated that contactless transformer is the major bottleneck restricting the system＇s efficiency,and further,the main problems to be solved and related research to be conducted for a more efficient transformer are discussed.As for electromagnetic induction WPT,the problems of ＂low coupling coefficient＂ of the contactless transformer and ＂uneven distribution of magnetic flux＂ in mobile charging system are introduced,and possible solutions are provided.With respect to electromagnetic resonance WPT,this paper gives its research progress,and points out that it provides a new idea for an efficient medium-range energy transfer,though there are still large amounts of technical blind spots.