近十余年来,在政策引导下乡村旅游进入了快速发展期.在可持续生计框架下,乡村旅游理应关注乡村可持续生计资本的脆弱性,那么劣势生计资本的提升与优势生计资本的保护便是乡村旅游发展的逻辑起点和关注重点.农村可持续生计和乡村旅游多功能发展之间具有较高的契合度,可持续生计的目标群和乡村旅游的多功能之间可融合构建以自然生态保护、文化资源传承、物质环境优化、乡村金融弥补、社会网络扩充和劳动力吸引为内容的功能群,进而形成乡村旅游发展的逻辑框架.基于对样本地生计资本的统计分析,样本地乡村旅游多功能发展应合理利用并规划保护资源资本、社会资本等优势生计资本,积极关注并功能引导人力资本、物质资本等劣势生计资本,从而促进乡村可持续生计和乡村旅游的多功能发展.%In last decade, the rural tourism had entered into a rapid development period under the guidance of polices. In the framework of sustainable livelihood, we should emphasize more on the vulnerability of sustainable livelihood capital in rural area for the rural tourism,thus the improvement of inferior livelihood capitals and the protection of preponderant livelihood capitals would become the logical starting point and focal point in the development of rural tourism. For there was favorable agreement between the rural sustainable livelihood and the multifunctional development of rural tourism, the target group of sustainable livelihood and the multifunction of rural tourism might join together to create the functional group containing protection of natural ecology, heritage of culture sources, optimization of physical environment, compensation of rural finance, expansion of social network and attraction of labor forces to build further the logical framework of development of rural tourism.The rural tourism played a role in the"backfilling"and"reconstruction"of human capital in farmers;in the"functional localization"and"self-discipline protection"of source capital in farmers;in the"total optimization"and"functional upgrading"of public material capital in farmers; in the"demand-guidance"and"value expanding"of financial capital in farmers;and in the"expansion"and"reconstruction"of social capital in farmers.In this study,we conducted the statistical analysis in detail for these five livelihood capitals in the sampling location,i.e.labor force capital,source capital,social capital,financial capital and material capital.And then we got the statistical data based on the 29 rural livelihood materials collected via CNKI which were highly correlated to the present study.When the statistical data of this study was compared with the existing references,we found that the data of our study had a sort of universality in the rural tourism. We should utilize and plan reasonably the preponderant livelihood capitals such as resource protection capital and social capital, and focus and guide functionally the inferior livelihood capitals such as labor force capital, material capital and financial capital based on the statistical analysis of resident livelihood capitals in the sampling location. The rural tourism would be provided with the huge development space in the context of macro polices and market demand in China when we looked forward to the future of rural tourism. However, there were many disadvantages which might occur, such as homogenization and vulnerability in the development of rural tourism, over exploitation of natural ecological resources, distortion and alienation of cultural ecological resources,possibility of shell country due to the factors of indigenous people occupied excessively by extraneous factors. The participants involved in the development of rural tourism should show the affection of native care,strive for the improvement of livelihood capital as the goal and hold the operational logic of multifunctional development,attaching importance to the rights and interests of indigenous people and encouraging the indigenous people to help the protection of natural ecology and the heritage of cultural resources while focusing the marketization of rural tourism, so as to promote continuously the improvement of rural livelihood capital and the multifunctional development of rural tourism.
展开▼
