施用生物炭和AM真菌对烤烟根系形态、生理特性及化学成分的影响

摘要

To clarify the mechanisms of biochar and AM fungi on tobacco growth, a field experiment was conducted, and the effects of biochar and AM fungi on the root morphology, physiological characteristics and chemical constituents of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that the application of biochar, G. intraradices (Gi) and G. mosseae (Gm) significantly increased the volume, area, length and vigor of tobacco roots and improved their morphological structure. The application of biochar had no obvious effect on tobacco photosynthesis, but the application of biochar combined with Gi or Gm significantly increased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and water use efficiency, while significantly decreased intercellular CO2 concentration, which indicated that the photosynthesis of tobacco leaves was promoted. The application of biochar combined with Gi or Gm also improved the harmony of chemical constituents and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Overall, the application of biochar combined with Gi or Gm had positive effects on root morphology,photosynthesis and chemical constituents of tobacco.%为明确生物炭和AM真菌对烟草生长的作用机制,通过田间试验研究了生物炭和AM真菌对烟草根系形态、生理特性及烟叶化学成分的影响.结果表明:土壤中施入根内球囊霉(G.intraradices,Gi)、摩西球囊霉(G.mosseae,Gm)和生物炭能显著提高烟草根系的根体积、根面积、根总长及根系活力,改善烟草的根系形态结构;施用生物炭对烟叶光合作用无明显影响,但在Gi、Gm和生物炭共同作用下烟叶的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及水分利用率显著提高,烟叶胞间二氧化碳浓度显著下降,促进了烟叶的光合作用;Gi、Gm和生物炭共同作用能改善烤烟中化学成分的协调性,提高烟叶品质.总体来看,生物炭+Gi、生物炭+Gm的处理对烟草根系形态、烟叶光合作用及烟叶化学成分的改善效果较好.