In the beginning of China's reform and opening up to the outside world, Yunnan was opened mainly to developed countries and regions such as the United States and Europe. But Yunnan gradually adjusted its opening strategy and Southeast Asian countries became the major countries Yun-nan was open to. When the"Bridgehead Strategy"was put forward in 2009,Yunnan,supported by the central government's preferential policies, deepened and widened its cooperation with Southeast Asian countries. In the same period, Yunnan also began its opening to South Asian countries. Since Belt and Road Initiative was proposed in 2013, Yunnan has been offered an unprecedented opportunity for de-velopment for its unique geographical position. However, Yunnan are still faced with double bottlenecks that will hinder its further opening to the outside world:its identity as one of the less devel-oped provinces in western China; the backward economy and complicated geopolitical situation in the neighboring countries. Only when the double bottlenecks are overcome can Yunnan truly go further in its opening to the outside world.%改革开放之初,云南对外开放的主要对象是美欧等发达国家和地区,随后逐步调整为以东南亚国家为重点.2007年,云南为摆脱对外开放陷入停滞的不利形势,提出了"第三亚欧大陆桥"战略,但未获中央高度认可.2009年"桥头堡"战略提出后,在中央政策的扶持下,云南与东南亚国家合作的深度与广度得到了进一步提升,面向南亚国家的"西向"开放也开始起步.随着2013年"一带一路"倡议的提出,云南凭借着独特的区位优势,获得了前所未有的发展机遇.从历史经验看,云南对外开放面临内部和外部瓶颈的双重制约.展望未来,云南进一步对外开放仍需要突破由西部欠发达省份的身份特征、周边国家落后的经济发展水平与复杂的地缘政治形势所组成的"双重瓶颈"障碍.只有"双重瓶颈"突破了,云南的对外开放才能得到进一步的发展.
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