论联邦最高法院在美国联邦制发展中的作用

摘要

In two hundred years, although the U.S. federalism did not change its basic features of dual structure, the relations between federation and state has changed obviously. In this changing,the Supreme Court played as an important role. On the one hand, the Supreme Court used its right of judicial review to defend the basic pattern of federalism, on the other hand, it adjust the relations between federation and state constantly according to social changes. From a pendulum to a balancer, the Supreme Court not only promoted the development of U.S. federalism, but also enhanced its political position in the United States.%在两百多年里，美国联邦制虽没有突破双重政府结构的基本特点，但在联邦和州之间的权力关系上发生较大变化，其中联邦最高法院发挥了重要作用。联邦最高法院利用违宪审查权一方面坚持维护联邦制的基本格局，另一方面又根据社会的变化不断调整联邦与州的关系。在处理联邦与州的权力划分问题上，联邦最高法院从起初的摇摆状态转变成重要的平衡力量，不仅促进了美国联邦制的发展，而且提升了自己在美国政治生活中的地位。