社会观与人性论：涂尔干社会整合范式的前提预设

摘要

18、19世纪的法国社会呈现出一盘散沙的原子化状态，为此，保守主义与激进的马克思主义都主张对当前的资本主义制度及其意识形态进行根本性的批判与改革；与之相反，涂尔干从自己的社会观与人性论出发提出以理性化的世俗道德重建法国社会的道德体系。%French society showed an atomic state of disunity in the 18th and 19th century. To that end, conservatives and radical Marxists advocated to critique and reform the current capitalist system and its fundamental ideology fundamentally; Contrast, Emile Durkheim proposed to redevelop the ethical system of French society with the rational secular moral from his own view of society and human nature.