可持续发展意义下德国社会医疗保障的特色及原则

摘要

German social security is a huge system covering a wide range of surfaces, with the dominant public product attributes. The one of the main part of German social security is social health insurance ,which is not a national state institutions but has assumed some part of national responsibility and tasks, and the public service is provided by the enterprise (private body) . All these features show the uniqueness of German statutory health insurance. Welfare and solidarity, sustainability and adaptability are two distinct features of the German health insurance. Seven Principles such as the principle of national welfare and the principle of mutual guarantee system are assurances of system. This article based on historical development of the German social health insurance and then observe and analyze the characteristics, principles and values of the German social health insurance.%德国社会保障是一个覆盖面广泛的庞大体系，具有显性的公共产品属性。社会医疗保障是其构成主体之一，不是国家机构却承担了部分的国家责任与任务，由企业（私法主体）提供公共服务，呈现出德国法定医疗保险的独特性。福利性与互助性、可持续性与适应性是德国医保的两大鲜明特色，福利国家原则、互助原则等七大原则是制度保证。此文着力以德国的社会医疗保障历史发展为基点和线索来观察与分析德国社会医疗保障的特色、原则及价值取向。