清代河道总督与地方督抚河务职权关系及其演变

摘要

In order to harness the Yellow River and the Great Canal , the Qing Government set up the official of Hedaozongdu (河道总督) .However, the power of the Hedaozongdu (河道总督) and the power of the governor-general of Liangjiang (两江总督) , the governor of Henan (河南巡抚) , the governor of Shandong (山东巡抚) and other officials overlapped, thus forming a complex administration system on the River Conservancy .This system changed with the strategy and the situation of the River Conser-vancy, and continued to be adjusted .This brought great impact to the River Conservancy of the Qing Dynasty.%清代为治理黄、运两河专设河道总督，但是，河道总督与两江总督以及河南、山东巡抚等地方督抚职权存在重叠，客观上形成了清代河务的复杂管理体制。清初，河道总督专理河务，地方督抚有兼管之名，而权力较小。雍正以降，地方督抚在河务中的权力增大，甚至一度凌驾于河道总督之上。嘉道时期，治河难度加大，官员动辄得咎，双方互相推责。这种职权体制的存在对清代河务产生了消极影响。