基于能值分析的黑土农业可持续发展探讨--以哈尔滨市呼兰区康金镇为例

摘要

本文运用能值分析理论对以康金镇为代表的黑龙江省耕作黑土生态系统进行研究。结果表明：2005年~2009年康金镇耕作黑土生态系统的总能值投入呈上升的趋势，工业辅助能值占总能值投入的61.8%，其中，自然资源能值占总投入的37.8%，可更新有机能的投入仅占总能值的1.6%。耕作生态系统对于购买能值的依赖使得系统的环境压力增大，环境负载率持续增长。黑龙江黑土耕作系统的净能值产出率低于全国平均水平，并呈逐年下降的趋势。生态系统能值可持续发展指数（ESI）为1.41，可持续发展潜力较大，也呈逐年下降的趋势。这些能值指标表明，农业生态系统处于传统农业向现代农业的过渡阶段，有待于进一步发展。%This paper use the emergy evaluation indices theory to the research of the Kangjin town as the representative of the black soil of Heilongjiang Province ecological system.The results indicated that: there was an increasing trend in the total emergy input from 2005 to 2009, among which, purchased supplemented energy accounted for 61.8%, of which mechanical power account-ed for a larger proportion. And the proportion of environmental resources was 37.8% and that of renewable organic energy value were 1.6%. Depending on the purchased supplemental energy made the agroecosystem withstand greater pressure on environ-ment, and the environmental loading ratio kept growth. The net emergy yield ratio was higher than national average, but showed a decreasing trend. The emergy sustainability index(ESI) was 1.41, which indicated a greater potential for sustainable development on the agroecosystem in Kangjin town, and a declining trend of it also. The variation of the indices was an obvious indicator for the transformation of agriculture in Kangjin town from traditional to modern pattern and the development of agroecosystems need to be further improved.