估计了不同收入水平的中国城镇居民家庭用电需求的价格弹性和收入弹性，分析了现行的阶梯电价政策对不同收入组城镇居民家庭生活用电量和福利的影响。研究结果表明：中国城镇居民家庭用电需求的价格弹性在－0.239～－0.660之间，收入弹性在0.343～0.577之间；2007—2011年，收入水平为0～10％的城镇居民家庭的月均生活用电量在50千瓦时以下，收入水平为10％～100％的城镇居民家庭的月均生活用电量在189～240千瓦时之间。指出中国现行的阶梯电价方案还有很大的改进空间。根据中国城镇居民家庭的用电特性和价格弹性，提出新的阶梯电价方案。该方案既可提高低收入城镇居民家庭的福利，又可减少高收入城镇居民家庭的超额用电需求，并降低城镇居民家庭的人均生活用电量。%This paper estimates the price elasticity and income elasticity of different income groups of urban households in China ,and analyzes the influences of increasing block tariffs on them.The result shows as follows :the price elasticities of electricity demand of urban household in China are about -0.239~ -0.660 ,and the income elasticities are about 0.343~ 0.577 ;during 2007 -2011 ,the group at the lowest 10% in‐come level consume lower than 50kW · h per month ,and the group at the highest 10% income level consume about 189 ~ 240 kW · h per month.Therefore ,current electricity block tariff has some constraints in practice.Finally ,it proposes a new structure which could not only make low‐income households better off ,but also more effectively decrease excess demands of high‐income household ,and decrease per capita electricity demand of urban households in China .
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