福州市五爪金龙（Ipomoea cairica）为害调查及其生长特性

摘要

Five-leaf morning glory（Ipomoea cairica（L.） Sweet）] is a serious invasive weed.The distribution and damage of I.cairica have been surveyed for the first time in Fuzhou district.The main reason of wildly distribution of I.cairica in Fuzhou district is manmade introduction.The serious damage caused by I.cairica escaped to field in local region.The surveys of growth of I.cairica in three different natural habitats were conducted.The results showed that I.cairica will rapidly grow in sunny habitats with ladder type consisted by shrub and tree.The life history characteristics and Growth characteristics of I.cairica were systematically studied during one and half year.The results showed overwintering phenomenon of I.cairica is usually not obvious in winter in Fuzhou district.Freeze injury of leaves was occurred in anomalous low temperature,but stem have strong growth ability.The seed of I.cairica didn＇t found in Fuzhou district,the results showed the spread of I.cairica is vegetative propagation.%对外来入侵植物五爪金龙[Ipomoea cairica（L.）Sweet]在福州市的分布与为害状况进行了较为系统的调查,结果表明五爪金龙分布广泛,人为引种是导致五爪金龙扩散的重要原因;五爪金龙在局部地区发生为害严重,主要通过人为引种逸到野外造成为害。通过对3个不同自然生境的五爪金龙进行了生长调查,结果发现在具有灌木与乔木组成的梯式层次结构的生境、阳光充足的情况下,五爪金龙生长迅速并可造成严重为害。对五爪金龙进行了为期1年半的生活史及生长特性的系统观察,结果表明五爪金龙在福州冬季没有明显的越冬现象,在极端低温下叶片可发生严重冻害,但其茎仍具有生长力。