牙周炎和种植体周围炎是发生在牙体或种植体周围，以软、硬组织炎症性破坏为特征的一类疾病，两者的发病机制尚不确切，临床上也未找到十分有效的治疗方法。微小RNA（ miRNAs）是一类非编码蛋白的小RNA分子，参与调控细胞增殖、分化、凋亡及炎症、肿瘤等多种生理与病理过程。近年来，已有研究证实部分微小RNA在牙周炎发生发展中起重要作用，但对微小RNA在种植体周围炎中的作用机制研究甚少。本文从miRNA与牙周炎、miRNA与种植体周围炎的相关性两方面展开讨论，为治疗牙周炎和种植体周围炎开辟新的思路。%Periodontitis and peri⁃implantitis are inflammatory diseases occurring around natural teeth or dental implants, character⁃ized by infections of soft tissues and loss of surrounding bones. However, pathogenesis of the two diseases is still unclear, and satisfac⁃tory therapies have yet to be achieved. MicroRNAs ( miRNAs) is a kind of small non⁃coding ribonucleic acid( RNA) molecule. It has been confirmed to play a crucial role in various physiological and pathobiological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation and cancer development. Recently, studies have been done to testify that several miRNAs are correlated with pathogenesis of periodontitis. Nevertheless, reports on the relationship between miRNAs and peri⁃implantitis are scarce. This article mainly elucidates the role of miRNA in periodontitis and peri⁃implantitis, thus cleaving a promising prospect for miRNA therapy.
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