汉阳陵东阙门出土蓝紫色颜料的科学分析

摘要

鉴于微区X射线衍射(micro-XRD)技术的微区、微量、原位、无损等优势,尝试将其与超景深显微法,扫描电镜能谱(SEM-EDX)和显微激光拉曼(MLRM)技术相结合,对汉阳陵东阙门出土的蓝紫色颜料样块进行显微观察和无损分析鉴定,结果证实该蓝紫色颜料的成分为中国紫(BaCuSi2O6),并伴有黄铅矿(Pb2 [SO4]O)和重晶石(BaSO4).中国紫这类人工合成硅酸铜钡系化合物颜料在西汉帝陵遗址中的发现,反映了紫色在当时具有崇高的社会等级地位,而其在东阙门的出土也进一步表示了西汉帝陵在设计、装饰方面深受五行思想的影响.另外黄铅矿和重晶石的发现可推测当时合成中国紫颜料时所使用的钡源是重晶石,黄铅矿以铅盐添加物在合成中国紫时作为助熔剂和催化剂,从化学史的角度反映了当时合成技术的成熟.%In consideration of the advantage of micro X-ray diffraction(micro-XRD)technology,such as micro area,trace,in situ,undamaged and so on,the author attempts to use this technology combined with the super depth of field microscopy,scan-ning electron microscopy,energy spectrum analysis(SEM-EDX)and micro laser raman spectroscopy(MLRM)for the first time in this paper,to observe microscopic,nondestructive analyse and identify the violet pigment sample unearthed in the site of east-ern gate tower of Han Yang mausoleum.The results confirm that the composition of this violet pigment is Chinese Purple (BaCuSi2O6),accompanied by lanarkite(Pb2[SO4]O)and barite(BaSO4).Chinese Purple like type of copper barium silicate pigment was found in the ruins of western han dynasty mausoleum,which reflects that the purple colour has a high social status level at that time.And it appeared in the eastern gate tower shows that the design and decoration of western han dynasty emper-or's mausoleum in terms of the influence of theory of Five Elements.Furthermore,the discovery of lanarkite and barite makes the author to speculate that barite is Barium raw material,and lanarkite plays the part of fluxing agent and catalyst as lead addi-tives in the process of synthesis Chinese Purple.And then it further reflects that the synthetic technology is mature enough from the perspective of the history of chemistry at that time.