文章深入分析高超飞行器与临近空间大气相互作用的基本物理过程，激波加热及粒子碰撞产生等离子体的物理机制，并利用磁热屏蔽效应在高超飞行器模拟器与高速定向流间建立磁化等离子体鞘层，大幅降低中性激波气体向飞行器的能流传递，从而为高超飞行器提供有效的热防护作用。通过两次比对实验验证了磁热屏蔽效应的有效性及工程实施的可行性，为今后研制高韧性、超轻质、可重复使用热防护复合材料提供了实验数据，奠定了技术基础。实验中利用层流等离子体源作为高能流密度热源是热防护实验装备上的创新，层流等离子体源能流截面大、能流密度高，可以针对高超飞行器表面热效应进行全尺寸的模拟实验。%The basic interaction processes of shocks and collisional heating between a hypersonic vehicle and near space atmospheric particles are studied in this paper. A magnetic plasma sheath model around a hypersonic vehicle is built to calculate the heat transfer from the hypersonic flow to a material surface, and four main mechanisms, which are called the magnetic-thermal screen effects, play important roles to screen the flow heat transferring to a hypersonic vehicle. A new type of thermal protection materials with high tenacity and light mass density, based on the magnetic screen effect, is developed and the ground tests are carried out in the laboratory The test results clearly show that the magnetic-thermal screen effect really protects the material’s surface from the high density heat flow, and the surface erosion caused by the high density heat flow can be neglected. The high density heating flow is generated by a laminar plasma jet with a heat density of about 2 MW·m-2, which provide a different method to carry out the high density heat flow protection experiment in small scale laboratories.
展开▼
