天地环境差异对航天器设备安装精度影响分析

摘要

This paper analyzes the influence of the ground gravity environment and the space pressure environment on the installation precision of the gyro assembly and the attitude-control and orbit-control sensors of manned spacecraft at different positions and in different states. The verification test shows that the analysis results are consistent with the experimental data. It is shown that the influence of the environmental differences on the equipment installation precision differs when the layout of equipment is different. Under the conditions of the no-load and the vertical parking conditions, the ground gravity environment has little effect on the installation precision of equipment. The installation precisions of the gyro assembly and the attitude-control and orbit-control sensor A are little affected by the space pressure environment, and the precision measurement results in the ground atmospheric environment can reflect the state of equipment on orbit, while the installation precisions of the attitude-control and orbit-control sensor B are obviously affected by the space pressure environment. The research may provide a reference for the layout and the precision measurement of spacecraft equipment.%文章分析了地面重力环境和在轨内压环境对不同位置和状态下的载人航天器陀螺组件及姿轨控敏感器设备安装精度的影响，并进行了试验验证，分析结果与试验数据一致性较好。研究结果显示：设备布局位置不同，其安装精度受环境差异的影响程度也不同；航天器在空载、垂直停放状态下，设备安装精度受地面重力环境影响较小；陀螺组件和姿轨控敏感器A的安装精度受在轨内压环境影响较小，在地面常压环境下的精测结果能够真实反映其在轨状态，而姿轨控敏感器B的安装精度受压力环境影响明显。以上结果可为航天器设备布局及精度测量工作提供借鉴。