基于在轨可维修性的载人航天器配电系统设计

摘要

配电系统是载人航天器的电能传输网络, 故障严酷度等级高, 在故障模式分析的基础上合理设计遥测点及控制点可以实现其在轨维修, 这对提高载人航天器的可靠性和寿命具有重要意义.文章以载人航天器配电系统的基本单元为例, 从实现可维修的角度对配电系统基本单元拓扑结构的每个环节进行详细设计, 包括故障诊断与定位、故障隔离与系统重构、维修流程与安全性设计3个方面, 并对其可靠性进行分析.文章提出的维修性设计, 能够从系统工程的角度对载人航天器系统设计进行优化, 按设计要点提前规划平台资源使用情况, 从而实现配电系统维修性与平台资源使用之间的平衡, 对载人航天器配电系统可维修性设计具有一定借鉴意义.%Distribution power system is the transmission network of electrical power on manned spacecraft, and it has high failure severity.On the basis of fault mode analysis, the reasonable design of the telemetry point and control point can realize its in-orbit maintenance, which can improve the reliability and lifetime of the manned spacecraft significantly.A fundamental unit of manned spacecraft distribution system is taken as an example to achieve in-orbit maintenance.The topology of the fundamental unit is designed in detail, including fault diagnosis, fault isolation and system reconstruction, maintenance process and security design, and the reliability of the designed is analyzed.The design proposed in the paper can optimize the design of manned spacecraft from the point of view of systems engineering and can plan the platform resources in advance, so as to realize the balance between the maintainability of power distribution system and the use of platform resources.The topology and design in the paper can be used for reference in the design of the in-orbit maintainability for manned spacecraft power distribution system.