样方法和Winkler分离法在西双版纳半常绿季雨林蚂蚁多样性研究中的运用

摘要

[Objective] The diversity of ants in semi-evergreen monsoon forest at Xishuangbanna were revealed profoundly.[Method] Ant community of the vegetation type were investigated through Sample-plot method and Winkler-extraction method respectively.[Result] 106 species belonging to 43 genera and 7 subfamilies of Formicidae were recognized in the ant community of semi-evergreen monsoon forest in dry season,which included 2 dominant species (Pseudolasius silvestrii Wheeler and Pheidole fervida Smith),14 common species and 90 rare ones.[Conclusion] Ant diversity level was very high in the tropical area of our country,but the update survey was quite insufficient,therefore it needed many deep and detailed researches.In tropical rainforest area,five sample plots were suitable for rapid assessment,but at least 10sample plots were needed for profound investigation.Both Sample-plot method and Winkler-extraction method had its merits and demerits,but more species could be obtained by Sample-plot method,we suggested to combine the two methods in the future investigation.%[目的]为了深入揭示中国西双版纳地区半常绿季雨林的蚂蚁多样性.[方法]采用样方法和Winkler法分别调查了该植被类型的蚂蚁群落.[结果]旱季半常绿季雨林的蚂蚁群落包括7亚科、43属、106种,其中优势种2个(西氏拟毛蚁Pseudolasiussilvestrii WheeLer、亮红大头蚁Pheidole fervida Smith),常见种14个,稀有种90个.[结论]中国热带地区蚂蚁多样性水平很高,目前的调查很不充分,亟待开展更多深入细致的研究.在热带雨林地区5个样方适合做快速调查,做充分调查至少需要10个样方.样方法和Winkler法各有利弊,但是样方法可以采获更多的蚂蚁物种,建议在今后的调查中把两种方法结合起来.