暗褐网柄牛肝菌仿生栽培研究

摘要

[目的]研究不同宿主树、不同接种方法、不同接种时间、接种后不同时间段对宿主树根系感染牛肝菌以及栽培出菇的影响.[方法]将暗褐网柄牛肝菌[Phlebopus portentosus(Berk & Broome) Boedijn]成熟子实体孢子液、液体菌种、固体原种及收菇后菌种接种于凤凰木、柚子、咖啡树的根系进行仿生栽培.[结果]①凤凰木、柚子、咖啡树接种暗褐网柄牛肝菌固体原种,接种半年后各宿主树根系表面生长暗褐网柄牛肝菌菌丝、菌索.菌丝、菌索与土壤蚧虫形成菌腔虫瘿将根系包裹,感染率70.5％～85.6％.成熟子实体孢子液、液体菌种、固体原种及收菇后菌种均可感染凤凰木根系,并与土壤中蚧虫形成菌腔虫瘿,感染率27.0％～90.0％.②侧根接种、覆膜是较好的接种方法,菌腔虫瘿感染率高(80.6％),接种至出菇时间较短为120 d.③以凤凰木为宿主仿生栽培,全年均可进行接种,接种180 d后菌腔虫瘿感染率达80.76％～87.67％.④凤凰木宿主树仿生栽培牛肝菌产量较高,接种次年鲜菇的平均的产量(4791.0 kg/hm2)极显著高于柚子(1282.5 kg/hm2)及咖啡(1104.5 kg/hm2).[结论]凤凰木、柚子、咖啡树均可接种暗褐网柄牛肝菌菌种,并产生牛肝菌子实体.侧根接种、覆膜是较好的接种方法.%[Objective] The influence of different host tree,different inoculation methods,different inoculation time,different times after inoculation on the Phlebopus portentous infection of the host tree roots and the fruit body were studied.[Method] Spore suspension of mature fruit body,liquid,solid and harvesting mushroom spawns of the Phlebopus portentosus were inoculated to the roots of flame tree,grapefruit and coffee tree for bionic cultivation.[Result] After inoculation the Phlebopus portentous solid spawn to the roots of phoenix wood,grapefruit and coffee tree,each host root surface growed Phlebopus portentosus mycelium and rhizomorph after inoculation six months.The roots were wrapped by the fungus-insect gall with the formation of mycelium,rhizomorph and soil mealy bugs,and the infection rate was 70.5 ％ to 85.6 ％.The phoenix wood roots were infected by spore suspension mature fruit body,liquid,solid and harvesting mushrooms spawns of the Phlebopus portentosus,formed the fungus-insect gall with soil mealy bugs,and the infection rate was 27.0 ％ to 90.0 ％.Lateral root of inoculation and labeling was better method,the fungus-insect gall infection rate was higher to 80.6 ％,and time from inoculation to fruiting was short for 120 days.The bionic cultivation all could be inoculated throughout the year in the phoenix wood for the hosts,and the infection rate was 80.76 ％ to 87.67 ％ after inoculation 180 days.The Phlebopus portentosus yields of the bionic cultivation in the phoenix wood for the hosts were higher,the average yield of inoculation next year(4791.0 kg/hm2) was significantly higher than that of grapefruit(1282.5kg/hm2) and coffee(1104.5 kg/hm2).[Conclusion] The results showed that spawns of the Phlebopus portentosus were inoculated to the roots of phoenix wood and coffee tree,and the fruit bodies were produced under the trees.Lateral root of inoculation and labeling was better method.