不同摘薹方式对菜用型油菜菜薹、籽粒产量及经济效应的影响

摘要

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to promote farmers' enthusiasm of rapeseed planting and improve the oil rapeseed economic benefits in Guangxi Province.[Method] Two years field experiments about effects of different branches removing methods on yield dynamics,seed yield and its components,and economic effect analysis of vegetable rape was set,including 5 treatments:Y:no branches removing;S1 + Y:main inflorescence removing only;S2 + Y:main inflorescence and first order branches removing;S3 + Y:main inflorescence,first and second order branches removing;S:all branches removing.[Result] The stalk yield grew with increasing of removing numbers of order branching.In two experiment periods,the treatments of removing all the branches(S) got the highest stalk yield with 10 934 and 16 379 kg/hm2 respectively.While the seeds yield was just the reverse,the treatment of no branches removing(Y) got the highest yield with 2088 kg/hm2 (first experiment period) and 1446 kg/hm2 (second experiment period) in the same cultivating season.In two experiment periods,the total labour input with treatment of removing all the branches (S) were the highest with 13 650 and 16 800 yuan/hm2 in first and second experiment period respectively.Net income of treatment S1 + Y was 16 352 yuan/hm2 which was the highest and treatment S2 + Y was 14 139 yuan/hm2 which took second place in first experiment period;in second experiment period,net income of treatment S2 + Y was 10 598 yuan/hm2 which was the highest and treatment S1 + Y was 16 340 yuan/hm2 which took second place.[Conclusion] The stalk yield grew with increasing of removing numbers of order branching and removing main inflorescence only and removing main sequence,first-order branching all were reasonable branches removing methods in Northern area of Guangxi Province for the better compositive economic effect.%[目的]开展不同摘薹方式对菜用型油菜菜薹、籽粒产量及经济效应研究,为桂北地区菜用型油菜高产高效技术研究与示范提供理论依据.[方法]开展两次跨年度的田间定位试验,以不同摘薹方式设5个处理:Y:蕾薹期不摘薹;S1+Y:蕾薹期只摘主序;S2+Y:蕾薹期采摘主序和一级分枝;S3+Y:蕾薹期摘主序、一级分枝和二级分枝;S:蕾薹期摘全部分枝;分析比较不同摘薹处理对菜薹产量动态、籽粒产量、产量构成因子以及经济效应的影响.[结果]随着摘薹的分枝级数增加,菜薹产量逐渐增加,处理S菜薹产量两次试验期内均为最高,分别达到10 934和16 379 kg/hm2;而随着摘薹的分枝级数增加,籽粒产量逐渐减少,处理Y籽粒产量两次试验期内均为最高,分别为2088和1446 kg/hm2;处理S的人工总投入两年均最高,分别为13 650和16 800元/hm2;处理S1+Y第1次试验期内纯收入最高,处理S2 +Y次之,分别为16 352和14 139元/hm2,处理S2 +Y第2次试验期内纯收入最高,处理S1 +Y次之,分别为10 598和16 340元/hm2.[结论]随着采摘的分枝级数增加,菜薹产量增加而籽粒产量减少,只摘主薹处理和只摘主序、一级分枝处理的综合经济效应较好,两者均为广西桂北地区合理的油菜摘薹方式.