不同熟期春玉米籽粒乳线比例与含水率、粒重及激素的关系

摘要

[Objective] A field experiment was conducted to illustrate the relationship of milk hne percentage with water content,grain weight and hormone of spring maize to provide a scientific and experimental information for the spring maize maturity selection of different accumulated temperature zone in Heilongjiang province.[Method] ‘ Xianyu335’ and ‘ Xinxin2’ (late maturity varieties),‘ Suiyu’ and ‘ Jidan27 ’ (mid-late maturity varieties) which had different maturities were used as experiment materials,and their milk line percentage,water content,grain weight and hormones were determined.[Result]Compared with late maturity varieties,mid-late maturity varieties could safety ripen,grain milk line formed faster,water content declined more quickly,and the transportation and accumulation of starch were more quickly.At 55 days after anthesis,the milk line percentage of mid-late maturity varieties was 29.37 ％-35.20 ％ bigger than that of late maturity varieties,and water content was 18.52 ％-19.63 ％ lower than that of late maturity varieties.Changes of hormones were similar in varieties but differed in diferent maturity varieties,compared with late maturity varieties,IAA,GA,CTK contents were lower in mid-late maturity varieties,and grains were more mature.ABA content of mid-late maturity varieties was higher in the early stage and lower in the late stage than that of late maturity varieties,which inllustrates mid-late maturity varieties were quickly in launch of grain-filling and had short time of grain-falling period and more dry matter accumulation.[Conclusion] In order to ensure mature of maize and decrease grain water content,mid-late maturity varieties are more suitable for planting at Harbin area.%[目的]探究不同熟期玉米品种籽粒乳线比例与含水率、粒重及激素的关系,为黑龙江省不同积温带地区选择熟期适宜的玉米品种提供理论和试验依据.[方法]试验选用熟期不同的玉米品种‘先玉335’、‘鑫鑫2号’(晚熟品种)和‘绥玉23’、‘吉单27’(中晚熟品种)为材料,测定不同熟期玉米品种籽粒的乳线比例、含水率、粒重及激素含量.[结果]与晚熟品种相比,中晚熟品种籽粒乳线下移更快,含水率下降更迅速,淀粉运输和积累更快,能够安全成熟.花后55 d时,中晚熟品种籽粒乳线比例比晚熟品种大29.37％～ 35.20％,含水率较晚熟品种低18.52％～ 19.63％.各品种内源激素含量变化趋势相似,但不同熟期品种间存在差异,与晚熟品种相比,中晚熟品种IAA、GA和CTK含量更低,说明其籽粒建成更完全.灌浆前期中晚熟品种ABA含量更高,说明其灌浆启动早,后期含量更低,则说明其灌浆时间短,干物质积累快.[结论]因此,为保证玉米正常成熟,降低含水率,哈尔滨玉米种植区更适宜种植中晚熟品种.