非侵入式负荷监测（non-intrusive load monitoring，NILM）是一种新颖的电力负荷用电细节监测技术。电器设备负荷特征研究是实现NILM的基础。随着电子类和电力电子类家用电器设备的日渐增多，谐波特征已经逐渐成为NILM关注的重点。为了更好地将谐波特征应用于NILM，首先提出了量度负荷特征重复性和区分性的两种指标；之后，在研究电器设备谐波产生机理的基础上归纳总结了6种谐波特征指标，并根据已提出的两种评价指标对这些谐波特征的重复性和区分性进行了深入分析。将在5处家庭场景和2处商业场景中采集得到的不同种类和不同品牌的电器设备个体的特征样本汇总，形成实测数据集。在实测数据集上进行的实验分析表明，依据所提出的负荷特征评价指标，3、5次谐波幅值相对含量值和总谐波失真具有较好的重复性和区分性，与利用不同谐波特征所建立的不同分类器的预测结果的准确性相一致。这既能指导谐波特征在NILM中的有效应用，同时也证明了所提出的两种负荷特征评价指标的有效性。%Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM)is a novel detailed power load consumption monitoring technology. Research of e-lectrical appliance load characteristics is the foundation of realizing NILM. Along with the increase of electronic and power electronic appliances equipment,harmonic characteristics have gradually become the focus of NILM. For a better application of harmonic charac-teristics to NILM,firstly,two indices for measuring the repeatability and discrimination of load characteristics are proposed. Based on the research on harmonic generation mechanism of electronic appliances,six kinds of harmonic characteristic indices are summerized, and their repeatability and discrimination are analyzed in detail according to the proposed two indices. Sample characteristics of differ-ent kinds and different brands of appliances from five family scenarios and two business scenarios are summerized,and the measured dataset is established. Analysis on the measured dataset shows that the 3rd and 5th harmonic amplitude value and total harmonic distor-tion have better repeatability and discrimination according to the proposed evaluation indices of harmonic characteristics. This conclu-sion corresponds to the accuracy results by different classifiers established on different harmonic characteristics,therefore it can not only guide the effective application of harmonic characteristics to NILM,but also prove the effectiveness of the two proposed load characteristics evaluation indices.
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