行政腐败对居民收入的影响--基于中国居民微观调查的证据

摘要

本文利用CGSS （2008）家庭调查数据、世界银行（2005）对中国120个地级市的企业调查数据和国家统计局工业企业调查数据，研究了行政腐败对居民个体收入的影响。根据世行数据，我们构造了两个腐败指标，其一是当地企业向银行贷款时需要向银行信贷员行贿的平均比例；其二是企业高层每年用于陪伴政府官员的平均时间。根据统计局的工业调查数据，我们用区、县规模以上企业的总资产和总销售量度量当地经济发展水平。通过对全样本和城市、农村分地区的线性回归、分位数回归和引入交互项分析，我们发现：（1）不论是在城镇还是农村、不论是收入高的群体还是收入低的群体，行政腐败从总体上都减少了居民的收入；（2）受教育水平是影响居民收入的重要因素，腐败则显著地通过影响教育回报率而影响居民收入。具体说来，在城镇，腐败降低了教育的回报；然而在农村，腐败的影响正好相反。%Using a household survey provided by CGSS (2008), this paper investigates the effect of government corruption on individual income.We measure corruption from World Bank's investment environment survey in China, which is completed in year 2005 and covers 12400 firms from 120 cities across China.The first measure is based on the frequency firm CEOs claim that they need to bribe bank officers for loans whereas the second measure is on average how many days CEOs need to spend to deal with government officials per month.This research finds the following results: 1 ) Corruption significantly decreases individual income on average, both in rural and in city, both for high income populations and low income populations.2 ) Return to education is seriously distorted by corruption.Specifically, corruption will decrease the return to education in cities and increase the return to education in the rural part of China.cimplications are discussed at last.