制造业集聚对效率的影响研究:抑制还是促进?——基于地区和要素密集度分类的PSTR分析

摘要

文章在描述中国不同地区制造业集聚的基础特征事实上,基于要素密集度分类法,利用中国30个省份20个二位数制造业2000-2013年的省级面板数据,运用非期望产出数据包络法求出效率,同时使用工业企业数据库求出各省综合EG指数,采用PSTR模型分析不同地区不同类型制造业集聚与效率之间的关系.结果发现:(1)引入非期望产出的制造业集聚与效率并非呈简单的正向线性关系,将制造业分为集聚推进型,集聚递减型和过度集聚型,部分制造业出现一个甚至多个门槛值;(2)部分制造业在东部沿海地区已处于过度集聚阶段,而中、西部地区也出现了严重的过度集聚现象;(3)集聚递减型和过度集聚型制造业的效率与集聚出现了负向关系,说明集聚并非越大越好,负外部性严重影响着产业的生产效率;(4)东、中、西部地区效率与铁路密集度都呈现负向关系,地方交通基础设施建设没有跟上集聚水平的提高.东、西部地区效率和能源呈负向关系,而中部逐渐转变为正向,说明东部拥挤和西部能源利用效率低已经严重阻碍当地经济发展.西部专利与效率呈负向关系,提高创新效率是解决收入差距的关键.%Based on the characteristics and basic facts of manufacturing agglomeration in different regions of china,how to optimize the industrial agglomeration will be the key to manufacturing positive effect of agglomeration.In this paper, based on the provincial panel data of 20 two-digit manufacturing industries from 2000 to 2013in China, manufacturing industries are classified by factor density.The Manufacturing efficiency is calculated by DEA.Then analyze different types'relationship between agglomeration and efficiency in different regions.The results showed that:(1)It's not a positive relationship between manufacturing efficiency and agglomeration when takes the environment factors into account.Different types of manufacturing have different relationships.Therewill be even multiple thresholds.Then the manufacturing industry is divided into three types as agglomeration-promoting type, agglomeration-decreasing type and excessive agglomeration type;(2)eastern coastal areas have been all in excessive agglomeration situation.While excessive agglomeration have been appeared in western and middle areas, too;(3)Manufacturing industry of excessive agglomeration type and agglomeration-decreasing type illustrate that the bigger agglomeration is not the better.Environment factors influence the efficiency seriously;(4)Traffic congestion hinder the development of economy,and economic growth in the eastern and western region is the high-energy consumption basis.Congestion of eastern aera and low energy efficiency of western area restrain the economy.The negative relationship between patent and efficiency of western region exists.How to improve the innovation efficiency is the key to the solve the income gap.