生物炭对玉米茎秆性状及产量的影响

摘要

通过田间试验研究了生物炭不同施用量(0、10、20、40、80 t/hm2)对玉米茎秆中的钾含量、茎秆形态特征、茎秆质量性状及产量的影响。结果表明：土壤中施加生物炭能够促进玉米茎秆各节的钾含量，并且生物炭的施入矮化了蜡熟期玉米茎基部3~5节的节间长，增大了玉米茎粗，增强了茎秆弹力和茎秆外皮穿刺力，增加了茎秆干物质积累，使茎秆粗壮、坚韧。随着生物炭施用量增加对玉米茎秆钾含量、茎秆性状及产量的影响均表现出先增大后降低的趋势。施炭量40 t/hm2为最优施用量，产量达13261 kg/hm2，较对照提高了25.99％。当施炭量为80 t/hm2时茎秆中的钾含量、茎秆形态特征、茎秆质量性状及产量的提高幅度略有下降。%Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different amount of biochar application (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 t/hm2 ) on potassium content, stalk morphological characteristics, stalk quality and yield of maize. The results showed that soil applying biochar increased potassium content in each internode of maize stalk, and biochar application resulted in dwarfing of the 3rd~5th internodes at the lower part of maize stalk, increased stalk diameter, enhanced stalk elasticity and rind punc-ture force, increased dry matter accumulation, and strengthened stalks. With the increase of the amount of biochar applica-tion, the effects on potassium content, stalk characters and yield of maize all showed the trend of first increased and then de-creased. Biochar applied at 40 t/hm2 was the optimal application rate, leading to a yield of 13 261 kg/hm2 , which was 25. 99% higher than that of the control. When biochar application was at 80 t/hm2 , its improving effects on potassium con-tent, stalk morphological characteristics, stalk quality and yield of maize slightly declined.