贵州省铜仁地区花生平衡施肥试验研究

摘要

贵州省铜仁地区的花生平衡施肥试验证明，花生的合理施肥有极显著的增产增收效益。其中施氮（N）28 kg/hm2可增产花生40.7%～42.3%，施磷（P2O5）120 kg/hm2可增产花生34.7%～61.5%，施钾（K2O）75 kg/hm2可增产花生23.0%～23.2%。施微肥（硼、锌、钼、铜、铁）可增产花生7.07%～15.2%。平均每投入一元氮磷钾微肥可分别增收28.6～29.6，15.6～22.3，9.1～9.5，3.8～7.4 元。建议花生的N∶P2O5∶K2O配比为100∶430∶260并添加微肥适量。平衡施肥在贵州的增产潜力很大，在贵州铜仁地区及其他相应地区有很大推广价值。%Balanced fertilization had very significant effect on increasing peanut yield and income. BCR with micronutrients was 8.9～9.1 or 10.9～14.3 without micronutrients' application, comparing with farmers' practice. NPK fertilizers have very good response by peanut. For N fertilization 0.85～0.9 t/hm2 or 40.7～42.3 % of yield increased with BCR of 28.0～29.6. For P fertilization 0.78～1.12 t/hm2 or 34.7～61.5 % of yield increased with BCR of 15.6～22.3. For K fertilization 0.55～0.57 t/hm2 or 23.0～23.2 % of yield increased with BCR of 9.1～9.5. Micronutrient fertilizer also has good yield and income increasing. 0.2～0.39 t/hm2 or 7.07%～15.29 % of yields increasing obtained. Its BCR was 3.8～7.4. Peanut belongs to leguminous plant but the N fertilization is still important if soil fertility is low especially in early stage of seedling. The rate of N∶P2O5∶K2O is 1∶4.3∶2.6 in the experiments.