水分管理与氮肥运筹对超级早稻“两优287”产量和氮素吸收的影响

摘要

In order to provide a reasonable water and nitrogen management for double-cropping early rice production, using intermittent irrigation and conventional flooding irrigation as water management model and combining with different nitrogen application levels and application methods as nitrogen operation mode, an experiment was studied on the differences of yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of super early rice "Liangyou 287" in 2011. The results showed that the grain yield, biomass and total nitrogen accumulation of comtination that nitrogen fertilizer application amount of 180 kg/hm and postponing nitrogen application of 50% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer, 20% as ear fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer application a-mount of 225 kg/hm2 and postponing nitrogen application of 50% as basal fertilizer, 50% as tillering fertilizer, 0% as ear fertilizer under the intermittent irrigation method was higher than other and that of comtination that nitrogen fertilizer application a-mount of 225 kg/hm and postponing nitrogen application of 50% as basal fertilizer, 50% as tillering fertilizer, 0% as ear fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer application amount of 225 kg/hm2 and postponing nitrogen application of 50% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer, 20% as ear fertilizer under the flooding irrigation method was higher than other, and the apparent nitrogen utilization rate of the combination that intermittent irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer application amount of 180 kg/hm and postponing nitrogen application of 50% as basal fertilizer, 50% as tillering fertilizer, 0% as ear fertilizer was the highest of all. Under the intermittent irrigation methods, the treatments reached the appropriate effective panicle number, increased the panicle spikelets, and raised the seeding setting rate and 1 000 grain weight and the promotion of that at late stages. Also it improved the leaf nitrogen transport quantity and proportion, nitrogen transfer contribution rate and apparent nitrogen utilization rate, and reduced nitrogen requirement for 100 kg grain. The treatment that comtining intermittent irrigation with nitrogen fertilizer application amount of 180 kg/hm and postponing nitrogen application of 50% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer, 20% as ear fertilizer was suitable for the actual production.%采用间歇式灌溉与常规淹灌的水分管理模式,结合不同氮肥水平及施用方式的氮肥运筹模式,研究了超级早稻“两优287”产量和氮素吸收利用的差异,以期为双季早稻生产提供合理的水、氮管理模式.结果表明,间歇式灌溉的产量、生物产量和氮素积累总量以施氮量180 kg/hm2及基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为5∶3∶2组合、施氮量225 kg/hm2及基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为5∶5∶0组合的较高,常规淹灌以施氮量225 kg/hm2及基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为5∶5∶0组合、施氮量225 kg/hm2及基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为5∶3∶2组合的较高,而氮肥表观利用率以间歇式灌溉、施氮量180 kg/hm2及基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为5∶5∶0组合的最高.采用间歇式灌溉可确保适宜的有效穗数,增加每穗粒数,提高结实率和千粒重；促进生育后期的生物量及氮素积累量；提高叶片的氮转运量及比例、氮转运贡献率和氮肥表观利用率,降低100kg籽粒需氮量.试验中不同组合模式以间歇式灌溉、施氮量180 kg/hm2及基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为5∶3∶2组合更优,适合用于实际生产.