2009～2010年在江西典型红壤地区设置直播油菜氮磷钾硼肥田间试验,研究施肥对直播油菜生长发育、籽粒产量及N、P、K养分吸收与累积的影响.结果表明,红壤上直播油菜各施肥处理中以NPKB处理的籽粒产量和施肥效益最高,分别为1 722 kg/hm2和1 469元/hm2,而N、P、K、B任何一种养分缺乏均影响油菜的正常发育和籽粒产量.本试验条件下,红壤直播油菜的养分限制因子为P＞B＞N＞K.施肥对直播油菜N、P、K养分的吸收和累积有明显影响,各养分间存在相互影响和制约的关系,NPKB处理最有利于养分吸收及累积,其氮、磷、钾肥吸收利用率分别为29.3％、59.5％和89.1％,均为最高.红壤地区直播油菜的高产应积极推广氮磷钾硼肥平衡配施措施,并实行氮、钾肥分次施用.%NPKB fertilizers field experiments of direct-seeding rapeseed was set in emblematical red soil region in center of Jiangxi province during 2009-2010, in order to study effects of fertilizers application on growth, seed yield, NPK absorption and accumulation of direct-seeding rapeseed. The results showed, NPKB had the best effect of improving yield and profit for direct-seeding rapeseed in all fertilizer treatments, which were 1 722 kg/hm2 and 1 469 Yuan/hm2, respectively. However, the lack or disequilibrium of any element would effect the growth and seed yield of direct-seeding rapeseed. In this stud-y, the order of nutrient limiting factor for direct-seeding rapeseed in red soil was P > B > N > K. The results also showed, the NPK absorption and accumulation of direct-seeding rapeseed in red soil were effected significantly by fertilizers application, and were interacted and mutually restricted between the elements. NPKB treatment had the most significant impact on the absorption and accumulation of nutrient, and the fertilizer absorb utilization ratio of N, P2O5, K2O were 29.3% , 59.5% and 89. 1%, which all been the best. In summary, balanced application of N, P, K, B fertilizers should be taken to the direct-seeding rapeseed in red soil to improve the seed yield, and N, K should be applied with several times.
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