不同处理牛粪对黑土团聚体组成与稳定性的影响

摘要

施用有机肥是循环农业的典型措施,能够净化环境、加强土壤的可持续利用.通过盆栽试验,研究了施用不同处理牛粪后黑土团聚体的组成与稳定性.研究结果显示:与施用化肥比较,施用不同处理的牛粪后,土壤中＞5 mm机械稳定性大团聚体增幅显著,＞0.25 mm机械稳定性团聚体含量均在74％以上,最高可达89.66％,＞0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体含量均在34％以上,最高可达42.05％；施用不同处理的牛粪提高了土壤团聚体平均重量直径、几何平均直径、孔隙度,降低了土壤团聚体不稳定团粒指数、分形维数和土壤容重,其中施用腐解牛粪处理效果显著.研究结果表明:施用牛粪比化肥更有利于土壤团聚体的组成与稳定性,比较3种不同处理的牛粪,腐解牛粪不仅有利于土壤中大团聚体的形成,还有利于改善土壤团聚体结构及其稳定性.%Application organic fertilization is a typical measure of circular agriculture,it can purify the environment and enhance the sustainable utilization of soil.Soil aggregates composition and stability was studied after applied different treated cattle manure and chemical fertilizer.The results showed that compared with applied chemical fertilizer,＞ 5 mm large aggregates of mechanical stability was increased significantly,and the content of ＞ 0.25 mm aggregates of mechanical stability were all more than 74％,up to a maximum of 89.66％ after applied different processing cattle manure.Moreover,applied different processing cattle manure made content of ＞0.25 mm water-stable aggregates all above 34％,up to a maximum of 42.05％.The application of different treated cattle manures improved the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of soil aggregates,degree of aggregates dispersion of soil,reduced soil aggregates unstable aggregate index and fractal dimension,and soil bulk density,where in the application of decomposed cattle manure treatment had a significant effect.The result showed that the application of cattle manure was more advantageous to the composition and stability of soil aggregates than the fertilizer.Compared three different treated cattle manures,decomposed cow dung was not only beneficial to the formation of large aggregates,but also improved the structure and stability of soil aggregates.