减量灌溉条件下缓释肥料对番茄产量、品质及硝态氮淋溶的影响

摘要

Field experiment was conducted in greenhouse to investigate how the basal application different ratios of slow release fertilizer with reduction irrigation influenced tomato yield, quality, nitrogen used efficiency as well as soil NO3--N contents. The results showed that there was no significant difference in yield and tomato quality between routine and reduction 30% irriga-tion, but reduced NO3- -N leaching from 8. 0% to 63. 7% in 40 ~60 cm soil layer. Tomato yield increased 19. 4% ~22. 1%, 21. 5% ~22. 6%, 14. 5% ~15. 3% by basal application 30%, 50% coated urea and 30% biochar-based nitrogen fertilizer, respectively. And nitrogen used efficiency increased 10. 1% ~12. 4%, 10. 2% ~12. 7%, 2. 3% ~4. 0%, re-spectively. Two species of slow release fertilizer decreased tomato fruit nitrate content by 6. 3% ~14. 4%, 3. 0% ~7. 9%, 12. 4% ~13. 3% compared to urea routine application, but increased lycopene content and sugar-acid ratio, improved the quality of tomato. Basal application 30% and 50% coated urea and 30% biochar-based nitrogen fertilizer with reduction 30%irrigation significant reduced nitrogen leaching in soil, NO3- -N content in 40~60 cm soil layer reduced 28. 7%, 20. 0%, 75. 0%, respectively. Therefore, in greenhouse tomato planting, 30% ~50% of nitrogen fertilizer used slow release released fertilizer and reduction 30% irrigation, could obtain the tomato high yield, reduce nitrogen leaching, improve fertilizer use ef-ficiency and agriculture water saving.%为考察减量灌溉下2种缓释肥料对番茄产量、品质、氮素利用及硝态氮淋溶的影响,小区试验设置农民习惯灌溉量( W100%)和减量灌溉30%( W70%)两个灌溉量处理；不施氮肥( CK )、普通尿素( U )、氮素30%施用包膜尿素( CU30%)、氮素50%施用包膜尿素( CU50%)、氮素30%施用生物炭基氮肥( BCU30%)5个肥料处理。结果表明：减量灌溉30%番茄产量和品质没有显著影响,但显著降低土壤氮素淋溶,相同施肥处理40~60 cm土层硝态氮减少8．0%~63．7%；2种缓释肥料显著提高番茄产量, CU30%、 CU50%、 BCU30%番茄产量比施用尿素( U )分别提高19．4%~22．1%、21．5%~22．6%、14．5%~15．3%；氮肥利用率提高10．1%~12．4%、10．2%~12．7%、2．3%~4．0%；番茄硝酸盐含量降低6．3%~14．4%、3．0%~7．9%、12．4%~13．3%；2种缓释肥增加番茄果实番茄红素含量,提高番茄糖酸比,改善番茄品质；2种缓释肥减少氮素淋失,40~60 cm土壤硝态氮含量分别比尿素常规施肥降低28．7%、20．0%和75．0%；因此,设施番茄种植中,滴灌节水条件下农民的习惯用量还具有节水潜力,而氮肥以30%~50%缓释肥基施,能实现番茄高产、减少氮素的淋失和提高肥料利用效率。