内蒙古阴山北麓高产马铃薯的群体特征

摘要

To study population structure characteristics of high-yield ( yield> 45 000 kg/hm2 ) potato in the northern Yins-han area of Inner Mongolia, and guide the potato production in the region, the dynamic change of leaf area index, leaf are-a, dry matter accumulation and growth speed of potato population under the drip irrigation condition between the farmer culti-vation mode and high-yield mode were studied in 2012 to 2013. The research results showed that with the planting density of 6. 0 × 104 plants/hm2 , leaf area index in a range of 3. 07~3. 81 at the tuber bulking period, the starch accumulation period in 1. 50~1. 88, and leaf area duration being 91. 6% ~94. 6% of the total from the tuber bulking period to the starch accu-mulation period, dry matter accumulation speed reached 199. 9~220. 6 kg/hm2 in this phase, which was advantageous to a-chieve the high yield of more than 45 000 kg/hm2 . In addition, under the condition of 6. 0 × 104 plants/hm2 , water and nutrient supply was adequate, tuber numbers per plant were more than 8 and the commercial potato rate was above 90%. The physiologic characteristics and yield factor constitution could be used as the important reference of high-yield potato com-prehensive management in the northern Yinshan area of Inner Mongolia.%为明确内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯产区高产马铃薯(产量>45000 kg/hm2)的群体特性,指导该地区马铃薯生产,于2012~2013年在滴灌条件下系统地比较了不同产量水平马铃薯的产量构成、叶面积动态、光合势、干物质积累以及群体生长速率。研究结果表明：种植密度保持在6．0×104株/hm2,块茎膨大期叶面积指数保持在3．07~3．81范围,淀粉积累期仍保持在1．50~1．88,则块茎膨大至淀粉积累期的光合势便占总量的91．6%~94．6%,此期马铃薯以199．9~220．6 kg/( hm2·d)的速度积累干物质,为实现大于45000 kg/hm2的高产提供了有利的保障。另外,在6．0×104株/hm2密度条件下,水分、养分等供应充足,单株结薯数量可达8个/株以上,大中薯率达90%以上。上述马铃薯群体生理学特征及块茎产量构成因子可作为内蒙古阴山北麓地区高产马铃薯综合管理的重要参考指标。