蔬菜废弃物堆肥对设施蔬菜产量和土壤生物特性的影响

摘要

采用盆栽试验研究了蔬菜废弃物堆肥对小白菜的增产效果、 土壤养分含量、 土壤微生物量和酶活性的影响.结果表明,蔬菜废弃物堆肥能够显著提高盆栽小白菜的产量和品质,其中30 t/hm2的高量蔬菜废弃物堆肥将产量提高了66.26%,将品质指标Vc、 可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著提高了35.64%、183.36%和39.42%.蔬菜废弃物堆肥能够显著提高土壤质量,有机质、 总氮、 碱解氮、 有效磷、 速效钾含量和土壤微生物量碳、 氮,以及土壤淀粉酶、 脲酶、 磷酸酶、 脱氢酶活性的土壤质量指标.与牛粪相比较,高用量的蔬菜废弃物堆肥处理在小白菜产量、 可溶性蛋白含量、 土壤碱解氮、 有效磷、 速效钾含量、 磷酸酶活性上显著高于牛粪;而在可溶性糖含量、 土壤有机质含量、 土壤微生物量、 淀粉酶、 脱氢酶活性上显著低于牛粪.综合而言,蔬菜废弃物堆肥能够提高土壤质量,增加蔬菜产量和品质;在蔬菜产量方面,蔬菜废弃物堆肥优于牛粪,在蔬菜品质和土壤质量方面,蔬菜废弃物堆肥与牛粪相当.%Effect of vegetables waste compost on pakchoi yield, soil nutrients, microbial biomass and enzyme activities were studied by potted experiment. The results showed that vegetables waste compost significantly enhanced the pakchoi yield and quality. High rate (30 t /hm2 ) of vegetables waste compost enhanced the pakchoi yield, Vc, soluble sugar and soluble pro-tein content by 66. 26%, 35. 64%, 183. 36%, 39. 42%, respectively, compared with the control. Vegetables waste com-post significantly increased soil guality index, which contained content of soil organic matter, total N, available N, available P, available K, soil microbial biomass C, N, and activities of soil amylase, urease, phosphatase, dehydrogenase. The pa-kchoi yield, soluble protein, soil available N, available P, available K and phosphatase activity under high rate of vegetables waste compost treatment were significantly higher than those under cattle manure treatment. Pakchoi soluble sugar, soil organic matter, soil microbial biomass, activities of soil amylase, dehydrogenase under high rate of vegetables waste compost treatment were significantly lower than those under cattle manure treatment. In summary, high rate of vegetables waste compost improved soil quality, increased vegetable yield and quality. As for improving vegetable yield, vegetables waste compost was better than cattle manure; and as for improving vegetable quality and soil quality, vegetables waste compost was equivalent to cattle manure.