绿肥腐解及养分释放过程研究进展

摘要

Green manure contains large amounts of nutrients and is considered as an important resource of organic fertilizers.It also plays an important role in ecological agriculture.After returning green manure to soil,the processes of green manure decomposition and release of its nutrients are important for improving soil structure,increasing soil organic matter content,maintaining the cycle of nutrients in agricultural ecosystems and enhancing the biomass and activity of soil microorganisms.The research methods associated with processes of green manure decomposition and release of its nutrients include nylon net bag method,isotope labelled method,infrared method and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance etc.The green manure decomposition and release of its carbon,nitrogen and potassium have a fast decomposition period in early time and a slow decomposition period in latter time.The processes of release of phosphorus and medium and microelements are not totally consisted with above-mentioned pattern.The increase of nutrient content of green manure and elevated temperature could be beneficial for green manure decomposition and release of its nutrients.The green manure decomposition and release of its nutrients are also influenced by management practices in field such as fertilization and tillage.In the future,the simultaneous combination of different research methods should be used to study the pattern of green manure decomposition and the distribution of its nutrient release in soil-plant systems.This would be beneficial for selecting appropriate green manure types and relating management practices in field for local environment.%绿肥中含有大量的养分元素,是一种重要的有机肥源,也是生态农业的重要组成部分.绿肥还田后的腐解及养分释放过程对于改善土壤结构、提高土壤有机质含量、维持农田生态系统养分循环以及提高土壤微生物数量和活性等方面具有重要影响.其相关的研究方法包括尼龙网袋法、同位素标记法、红外光谱法以及13C核磁共振法等.绿肥的腐解及碳、氮和钾的释放过程均表现为前期快、后期慢,而磷和中微量元素的释放过程与上述规律不完全一致.增加绿肥中养分含量、提高温度均有利于绿肥的腐解及养分释放,施肥、耕作等田间管理措施也会影响绿肥的腐解及养分释放.未来可同时采用不同的研究方法从不同方面揭示绿肥腐解以及养分在土壤-植物系统间分配的规律,筛选适合当地的绿肥种类以及相应的田间管理措施.