硅基材料包膜肥对红壤区双季稻生长和土壤肥力的影响

摘要

选择了高肥力田、低肥力田,通过早、晚双季稻连续2年4季的大田试验,研究了施用硅基材料包膜肥对双季稻动态生长、产量、土壤肥力、微生物量、酶活性的影响.结果表明:不论是高肥力田还是低肥力田,与传统施肥相比,一次性基施硅基材料包膜肥能提高双季稻的最大分蘖数3～6枝·兜-1,提高成熟期叶片的叶绿素含量,提高成熟期双季稻的生物产量7.8％ ～22.4％,提高年均产量3.0％～14.7％,并且在低肥力田上效果显著.与传统施肥处理相比较,施硅基材料包膜肥可以显著提高双季稻成熟期土壤中的矿质态氮含量,提高幅度为28.3％ ～37.7％.包膜肥对土壤中微生物群落没有影响,在低肥力田施用80％的包膜肥其土壤酶活性综合指数最高.由此可见,施用硅基材料包膜肥在南方水稻上完全可以替代分次施用常规肥料,并且在高肥力田减少20％肥料用量的情况下仍然等效,达到了减肥增效和节本省工的目的.%To compare the effects of the conventional splitting fertilization and the coated fertilizers on the growth of the double cropping rice and the fertility of the red-soil,the experiment was carried out through two years of double cropping rice (four seasons) in the high fertility and low fertility paddy fields.The testing items were the growth and yield of double cropping rice,soil fertility,microbial biomass and enzymatic activity.The results indicated that compared with traditional fertilization,single basal application of the coated fertilizers increased the maximum tiller number of double cropping rice for 3 ～ 6 stems per hill both in high fertility and low fertility paddy field,improved the leaf chlorophyll content during mature stage,enhanced the biomass by 7.8％ ～ 22.4％ during mature stage and raised annual average yield by 3.0％ ～ 14.7％.Moreover,these effects were significant in low fertility paddy field.Compared with traditional fertilization,the coated fertilizers application significantly improved the soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) by 28.3％ ～ 37.7％ during double cropping rice mature stage.The effects of the coated fertilizers on soil microbial community was not obvious,the comprehensive index of soil enzyme activity of the treatment with 80％ controlled-release fertilizers in low fertility paddy field was highest.In a word,the coated fertilizers application could absolutely substitute the conventional splitting fertilization on rice production of south China,furthermore,it could obtain same impact under reducing 20％ fertilizer application,to achieve the aim of reducing fertilizer,increasing effect,saving cost and labour.