通过多年定位试验,探讨了秋施基肥有机态氮替代化肥态氮对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统粮食产量的影响,为华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作合理施用氮肥提供理论依据.试验开始于2010年6月,只对秋施基肥进行有机态氮替代化肥态氮.试验处理如下:CK,不施肥处理;M0C100,零有机肥替代;M20C80, 20%有机肥替代;M50 C50, 50%有机肥替代;M100C0, 100%有机肥替代.试验结果显示,与M0C100相比,不同量有机态氮替代对冬小麦产量没有显著差异,产量均处在6633.3 ~7600 kg/hm2之间.但是,有机态氮替代对夏玉米产量影响较显著, M100C0夏玉米产量最高,为7416.7~9575 kg/hm2, M0C100最低,只有6583.3~7060 kg/hm2, M20C80和M50C50夏玉米产量处在两者之间.同时,有机态氮替代提高了夏玉米的氮肥贡献率、偏生产力以及农学效率.在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统中,秋施基肥有机态氮替代提高了整个轮作系统的粮食产量,尤其对下茬作物夏玉米产量影响较大,因此,秋施基肥有机态氮替代在华北冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统中是可行的.%The present study investigated the effect of the substitution of chemical-N by manure N fertilizers as base fertilizer in autumn on the grain yield of the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system. It provided a theoretical basis for the reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in north China. The experiment began in June 2010. The manure fertilizers substitution was only used for base fertilizer in autumn. Chemical fertilizers were also used as top-dressing for the growth of winter wheat, and basal fertilizers and topdressing were used for the growth of summer maize, and the amount of fertilizers were same in the treatments except for the CK. The treatments were as follows: CK, the check plots, no fertilizer; M0C100, no manure fertilizer, 100% chemical fertilizer; M20C80, 20% manure fertilizer, 80% chemical fertilizer;M50C50, 50% manure fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer; M100C0, 100% manure fertilizer, no chemical fertilizer. The re-sults showed that winter wheat yields didn't significantly decreased or increased in the manure fertilizer substitution treatments compared with M0C100. The yields of winter wheat were about 6 633.3~7 600 kg/hm2. While the beneficial effect of manure fertilizer substitution was more pronounced and effective in summer maize yields. The M100C0had the highest yields of summer maize, which was about 7 416.7 ~9 575 kg/hm2, the M0C100had the lowest yields, which was about 6 583.3 ~7 060 kg/hm2. The yields of summer maize in M20C80and M50C50were between them. Meanwhile, the manure fertilizers substitution improved the contribution rate, partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for summer maize. In the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, manure nitrogen substitution as base fertilizer in autumn increased grain yields in the whole rotation system, especially on grain yields of summer maize. Therefore, it is practicable to consider the manure fertilizers substitution in base fertilizer in autumn in the rotation of winter wheat and summer maize.
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