罗尔斯差异原则的逻辑论证∗

摘要

罗尔斯的差异原则认为：“当且仅当境遇较好者的较高期望是作为提高最少获利者的期望计划的一部分而发挥作用时，它们是公正的。”其证成结构如下：(1)道德平等；(2)个人禀赋是否“应得”及视自然才能为共同资产的问题；(3)依据前两个论证，推导出差异原则的逻辑必然性。差异原则的提出引起了广泛的质疑：尤其是天赋能力的“应得”及视自然才能为共同资产的问题。%According to Rawls′Difference Principle,"justice could be realized when and only when the high expec-tation of the relatively well-being functions as part of plan to realize the expectation of those who made fewer profit." And here follows his reasoning structure:1) moral equality. 2) whether a person deserves his natural endowment and whether the nature can be seen as common asset. 3) from the reasoning above, the logics of the inevitability of the Difference Prin-ciple can be inferred. This principle has aroused numerous doubts, particularly when it comes to the issue of natural endow-ment and common asset.