传统社会晚期以丧妻不娶为特征的义夫旌表

摘要

最迟到元代末年，义夫旌表已经开始用于指代丧妻不娶的男性。今可考证的此类义夫旌表事例始见于明初。明代义夫旌表制度尚不完善，旌表具有随机性。清代道光《礼部则例》首次明确义夫旌格，但明清民间对义夫的理解一直很宽泛。清代义夫旌表比明代更趋于严格和成熟，而旌表对象则以士绅为主。%By the end of Yuan Dynasty, the imperial commendations of YiFu started awarding the man staying single for the rest of his life after his wife’s death. The history cases of this kind of commendation appeared in the early Ming Dynasty. The apparent randomness illustrates YiFu commendation of Ming dynasty was incomplete. The qualifications for such imperial commendations were first defined in Li Bu Ze Li, which appeared in Dao Guang period of Qing Dynasty. The understanding of YiFu was rather inexplicit in the Ming Dynasty, but became clearer in the Qing Dynasty. Most YiFu were educated and wealthy gentry.