针对云南澜沧老厂铅矿沉凝灰岩,分别研究了遇水膨胀软化和在水中崩解的物质因素。对膨胀物质因素的研究,在使用多种检测设备的基础上,精心设计了多种对比实验,获得了准确可信的具有一致性的研究结论。进行了溶出前后X荧光检测对比、不同特征凝灰岩X衍射检测对比、区域物质和膨胀点物质的扫描电镜及电子探针检测对比,确定了膨胀的物质基础。在研究凝灰岩遇水崩解的物质因素时,设计实验对比,对溶出离子用ICP-AES进行离子浓度检测,先初步查定可能对崩解起主要作用的溶出离子,再用相关离子的饱和溶液进行防塌验证,确认对崩解起作用的溶出离子。研究结果表明：澜沧老厂凝灰岩吸水快速软化的主要物质原因为凝灰岩中含有大量的高岭石成份,层片状结构的高岭石快速吸水导致快速膨胀和垮塌；凝灰岩中的可溶物溶解对澜沧老厂凝灰岩崩解起十分重要的作用,阻止溶出可阻止垮塌,Na+及K+的溶出是凝灰岩崩解的重要物质因素。%Aimed at the sedimentary tuff of lead mines in Yunnan Lancang Laochang, the material fac-tors of expansion with water and collapse in water were studied respectively. For the tuff expansion mate-rial factors, based on a variety of detection equipments, the multiple comparison tests were elaborately designed, the accurate ,reliable and consistent conclusions were obtained. The comparison is carried out for the X ray fluorescence spectrometer before and removing of the water solution of tuff , for X diffraction in different characteristics tuff, between the electron probe regional material and expansion points materi-al, the material base of tuff expansion is determined clearly. For the tuff collapse material factors, the compared experiments were designed, ICP-AES was used to detect the dissolved ions concentration, first step, get the possible dissolved material which may lead the tuff to collapse, then the saturation solution of those possible ions were used in anti-collapse experiment to validate and affirm, and the functional ma-terial were obtained. The research results show that:the high content of kaolinite in the tuff is the main mineral cause of the expansion and collapse of Lancang Laochang tuff, the fast water absorption of the la-mellar structure of kaolinite lead to fast expansion and collapse; the dissolution of the soluble matters in the tuff play an important role in the collapse of Lancang Laochang tuff, the dissolution of Na+and K+are the important material factors.
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