贵州草海国家级自然保护区小巢址生境选择

摘要

In order to explore the impact factors of nest site selection of Tachybaptus ruficollis in alpine wetland ecosystem,surveys were carried out on nest sites and food of T.ruficollis in Caohai National Nature Reserve,Guizhou Province,from April 29 to May 6 of 2013 and 2015.The area was divided into plot A and plot B,which included nest patches and control patches.Taking nest as center,the environmental factors of nest plot (1 m × 1 m) and control plot were recorded and compared.The results showed that the height of the tallest plant and their distance to the bank in nest plot were significant higher than those in control plot.Principal component analysis on 14 habitat factors showed that T.ruficollis preferred to nest in small patches with high,sparse and few low stem plants.More nests presented in the area with abundant food.These results had practical significance on the conservation of T.ruficollis,and also provided basic information for the study of avian nest site selection in alpine wetland ecosystem.%为探究高寒湿地生态系统中小Tachybaptus ruficollis巢址选择的影响因子,于2013年和2015年的4月29日-5月6日2次对贵州草海国家级自然保护区内的小巢址和食物进行了调查.设置A区和B区,其中又划分为巢址斑块和对照斑块.以巢址为中心,记录巢址样方(1 m×1 m)和对照样方的生境因子并进行比较.结果表明:巢址样方的最高植物高度和离岸距离均显著大于对照样方.对巢址样方及其所在斑块共14个生境因子的特征进行主成分分析,结果表明:小偏爱在植被植株较高、密度稀疏、矮小植株数量少的小斑块生境中营巢.食物丰富的区域小巢穴数量多.该研究对小物种保护有实践意义,对丰富高寒湿地生态系统鸟类巢址生境选择有理论意义.