笼舍和洞穴两种条件下出生的幼年华南虎警戒行为比较

摘要

对福建梅花山华南虎繁育研究所分别在笼舍和洞穴环境条件下出生的华南虎Panthera tigris amoyensis幼虎的警戒行为进行了研究.结果显示:幼虎的警戒行为多样;洞穴出生的幼虎警戒性整体高于笼舍出生的幼虎;在笼舍与半散放区连通的环境中,2组幼虎组内在每个测量时间点的警戒距离与逃逸距离差异均有高度统计学意义(警戒距离:df=18,F=5.690,P＜0.001;逃逸距离:df=18,F=4.875,P＜0.001),而2组幼虎之间的警戒距离与逃逸距离差异均无统计学意义(警戒距离:df=1,F=7.461,P=0.072;逃逸距离:df=1,F=3.288,P=0.167);2组幼虎的警戒距离与逃逸距离随时间增加分别有不同程度的下降,2组幼虎的警戒距离与时间没有显著相关性(笼舍组:R2 =0.082 0,P=0.235,n=19;洞穴组:尺2=0.084 2,P=0.228,n=19),而逃逸距离与时间显著相关(笼舍组:R2 =0.318 5,P=0.012,n=19;洞穴组:R2 =0.304 9,P=0.014,n=19).%South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis) cubs usually show a variety of vigilance behaviors.The vigilance behavior of P.tigris amayensis cubs was studied in Fujian Meihuashan South China Tiger Breeding Research Institute.Cubs borned in artificial cave alert more frequently comparing to those borned in cages.When both groups of cubs were present under the condition of cages connecting with free-ranging area,significant differences were detected in alert distance (df=18,F =5.690,P ＜ 0.001) and flee distance (df=18,F =4.875,P ＜ 0.001) for each cub,however,the alert distance between two groups had no significant difference (df=1,F =7.461,P =0.072),neither the flee distance (df=1,F =3.288,P =0.167).In general,the alert distance and flee distance of both groups showed a declining trend over time but in different degree.There was also no significant correlation between alert distance and time (cage group:R2 =0.082 0,P =0.235,n =19;cave group:R2 =0.084 2,P =0.228,n =19),but a significant correlation was found between flee distance and time (cage group:R2 =0.318 5,P =0.012,n =19;cave group:R2 =0.304 9,P =0.014,n =19).