为使摆锤在冲击砧台过程中，摆锤转轴处不受碰撞冲击作用，对摆锤尺寸进行了优化设计。基于刚体动力学模型，推导了冲击试验机摆锤打击点与打击中心重合的条件、摆锤转轴轴线至打击中心距离的表达式。选取摆锤的若干几何参数作为设计变量，并将多目标、非线性优化设计问题简化为单目标问题，建立了摆锤优化设计的数学模型；利用Matlab优化工具箱对优化设计问题进行了求解，并分析了优化结果的有效性。研究结果对工程设计有一定的指导意义。%Collision impulse to pendulum shaft is tend to be generated when hammer impacting the anvil. In order to eliminate the collision impulse and find a preferential size of the pendulum, based on the rigid body dynamical model, conditions for the coincidence of the center of strike and the center of percussion are established;calculation formula of the distance between the axis of the pendulum shaft and the center of percussion is derived. By assigning certain geometric parameters of the pendulum as design variables and transferring multi-objective nonlinear optimization design problem into single objective problem, a mathematical model of optimal design of the pendulum is established. Matlab optimization toolbox is utilized to calculate the model, and a reasonable result is obtained, which has considerable significance for engineering design.
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