孕期孕妇体质量增加对新生儿出生体质量的影响

摘要

目的：探讨孕妇孕期体质量增加对新生儿出生体质量及分娩结局的影响，以为临床围产期的保健研究提供依据。方法选取我院2014年1月至12月收治的420名健康孕妇为研究对象，分析孕妇孕前体质量指数（BM I）、孕期体质量增长等情况，并比较孕妇孕期体质量增加对分娩结局及新生儿出生体质量的影响。结果孕前超重组孕期体质量增加明显低于孕前低体质量组及正常体质量组（ P ＜0．05）；孕前超重组巨大儿的发生率高于其他2组；孕期体质量增加过多孕妇新生儿出生体质量、巨大儿出生率及剖宫产率明显高于体质量增加适宜组及过少组，体质量增加适宜孕妇明显高于体质量增加过少孕妇（ P ＜0．05）；孕期体质量增加过少孕妇低体质量新生儿出生率明显高于体质量增加适宜及过多孕妇（P ＜0．05），孕妇最佳体质量增长区间为16．0kg。结论适宜的孕期体质量增加对于孕妇改善分娩结局，控制新生儿状况具有积极的临床意义。%Objective To investigate the effects of gestational weight gain on the birth weight of offspring and birth outcomes of pregnancy ,and to provide reference for studying clinical perinatal health care.Methods A total of 420 pregnant women who delivered were chosen .To analyze maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) and body weight gain during pregnancy ;and to compare the impacts of gestational weight gain on pregnan‐cy outcomes and neonatal birth weight.Results Body weight gain during pregnancy in pregnant women with pre‐gestational overweight was statistically significantly lower than those in pregnant women with pregestational low and normal weight( P <0 .05) ,birth rate of macrosomia and pregestational body weight of pregnant women ,neo‐natal birth weight and birth rate of macrosomia in pregnant women with pregestational overweight were statistical‐ly significantly higher than those in the other two groups( P<0 .05) ,while neonatal birth weight and birth rate of macrosomia in pregnant women with normal weight were statistically significantly higher than those in pregnant women with low weight( P<0 .05) ,there was a positive correlation between neonatal birth weight ,birth rate of macrosomia ,rate of cesarean section and body weight gain during pregnancy ;neonatal birth weight ,birth rate of macrosomia and rate of cesarean section in pregnant women with excessive body weight gain during pregnancy were statistically significantly higher than those in pregnant women with appropriate and low body weight gain during pregnancy( P<0 .05) ,the birth rate of low weight neonates born by pregnant women with low body weight gain during pregnancy was statistically significantly higher than those in pregnant women with appropriate and ex‐cessive body weight gain during pregnancy( P <0 .05) ,the appropriate gestational weight gain was around 16 .0 kg .Conclusion Appropriate weight gain during pregnancy has positive clinical significance for improving the out‐come of childbirth and controlling neonate's birth status.