城乡规划视角下大数据应用进展研究及其对上海2040总规编制的启示

摘要

The development of big data has greatly extended data resources and data scales, giving further opportunities to urban study. From the aspect of urban and rural planning, this paper has outlined the progress of big data applications and summarized the trends of approaches as diversified data resources, more specific study scales, individualized study objects, more intelligent study measurements and fluidized views. These trends match the demands of the complication of the overall planning of Shanghai 2040, demanding the effective utilization of big data.%大数据技术的发展，拓展了数据获取渠道与规模，为城市研究带来了新机遇。本文从城乡规划视角出发，对已有大数据应用研究进展进行了梳理，认为在大数据支撑下，城乡规划研究呈现出数据来源多样化、研究尺度精细化、研究对象个体化、研究方法智能化、研究视角流动化等趋势。这一趋势与当前上海城市总体规划2040编制的需求相契合，要求从城市社会空间与物质空间相结合、宏观分析与微观模拟相结合、经验模型与大数据模型相结合、构建以智慧城市为理念的大数据战略平台等4个方面出发，有效利用大数据技术支撑当前的规划编制工作。