Japan has realized the urban-rural integration. Considering the similar agricultural culture and primary urban-rural relations shared by China and Japan, Japanese experience in the field of urban and rural development and institutional construction is highly valuable to China. This paper first reviews the evolution of Japan's urban-rural development and the relative changes of relationships between the urban and rural area.Then the institutional arrangement of Japanese local administration and governance is introduced. It is of great significance that the fiscal system and the administrative responsibilities of each level of governments are clearly matched between regions and between urban and rural area in Japan. Tama area of Tokyo is a case to illustrate detailed rural development and governance. Finally, the significance of Japanese experience and its reference to China's urban-rural integration is also discussed.%从城乡关系的本质看,日本的城乡发展已经进入了一体化时期.由于中日两国的农耕文化及城乡关系的起点具有相似性,因而在我国当前的城乡发展实践及制度建设中要尤其关注日本的经验.首先回顾日本城乡发展的演进历程,认为其工农、城乡关系相应经历了从"以工补农、以乡育城"、"工农平等"、"工农协调"、"以工补农"、"以工促农"到"以城养乡"的变化;进而对日本地方行政及治理方面的相关制度进行梳理和介绍,认为与地方行政结构相匹配的财政平衡制度及事权划分,以及明晰的地区间、城乡间的财权和事权关系,在日本城乡发展治理中有着重要意义;然后以东京多摩地区的町村为例,介绍其乡村发展和治理状况;最后探讨其对我国的借鉴意义.
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