目的：了解住院患者抗菌药物使用的合理水平，为开展药学服务和推进合理用药提供依据。方法：随机抽取2011-2012年住院病史720份，根据患者使用抗菌药累计天数、用药前后主要临床症状、疗效判定及用药频度等分析合理用药情况。结果：2012年不合理使用抗菌药的病史占5%，低于2011年的7.5%（P＞0.05），2012年用药频度15860.39次高于2011年的13941.37次。其中多种抗菌药物联合、超长使用未注明理由、用药与药敏结果不匹配这3种存在的突出问题已经克服。结论：临床药师通过对住院患者抗菌药物使用情况的抽查，可以协助临床避免和减少不良反应的发生，但仍存在较多问题，需进一步完善和规范相关制度。%Objective: To learn the level of reasonable use of antimicrobial agents in inpatients so as to provide references for the implementation of pharmaceutical services and the promotion of rational drug use. Methods:Seven hundred and twenty cases of medical records for discharged patients during 2011-2012 were randomly selected and then the rationality of antimicrobial agents use was analyzed based on the cumulative days of the use of antimicrobial agents, major clinical symptoms before and after taking antimicrobial agents and the curative efifcacy and frequency of medication. Results:The cases of irrational use of antibiotics accounted for 5%in 2012, lower than 7.5%in 2011. The frequency of antibiotics use was higher in 2012 than in 2011 (15 860.39 vs 13 941.37). Three kinds of prominent problems including the random combination of antimicrobial agents, their long use without any reasons and the unmatched medication with antibiotic susceptibility test had been settled. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacist can play an important role in promoting rational drug use by checking prescriptions, which can prevent and reduce the occurrence of adverse events. However, there are still many problems to be solved and the related regulations need to be further worked out and improved.
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