2012-2014年杨浦区五角场街道社区手足口病流行病学特征分析

摘要

目的：分析杨浦区五角场街道社区2012—2014年手足口病监测数据的流行病学特征，为科学合理地预防控制手足口病提供依据。方法：采用描述和分析性流行病学方法，对五角场街道社区2012—2014年报告的手足口病病例进行统计分析。结果：2012—2014年，五角场街道社区累计报告手足口病482例，无重症及死亡病例，年均发病率为110.03/105；发病高峰期集中在4－7月份，流行高峰有延迟现象；人群的发病特征以5岁及以下散居和幼托儿童为主，男性发病率高于女性，差异有统计学意义（χ2=23.34，P＜0.01）；非户籍发病率高于户籍，差异有统计学意义（χ2=20.19， P＜0.01）。结论：手足口病是社区重点防控传染病之一，应加强5岁及以下儿童手足口病防控工作，以流动人口聚居区散居儿童和托幼机构儿童为防控重点，加强疫情的监测和控制，广泛开展健康教育，落实综合防治措施，防止其爆发流行。%Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the monitoring data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Wujiaochang Community of Yangpu District from 2012 to 2014 to provide the basis for its scientiifc and reasonable prevention and control. Methods:The epidemiological method of description and analysis was used to statistically analyze the cases of hand-foot-mouth disease reported from 2012 to 2014 in Wujiaochang Community. Results:From 2012 to 2014, 482 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were cumulatively reported in Wujiaochang Community, there were no death and severe cases and the annual incidence was 110.03/100 000. The morbidity peak was from April to July, and the epidemic peak had the delaying phenomenon. The incidence characteristics of population was the scattered children and children in the kindergarten under ifve years old, and the incidence of the male was higher than the one of the female, and the differences had the statistical signiifcance(χ2=23.34, P<0.01). The incidence of the non-household registration pupils was higher than that of the household registration ones, and the differences had the statistical significance(χ2=20.19, P<0.01). Conclusion: Hand-foot-mouth disease is one of the key infectious diseases for prevention and control in the community, and it should be strengthened to prevent and control hand-foot-mouth disease in the children under 5 years old. The community scattered children of the lfoating population and children in the kindergarten are as the focus for prevention and control to strengthen the epidemic monitoring and control, to extensively develop the health education, and put into the comprehensive prevention and control measures into practice to prevent its outbreak.