不同玉米花生间作模式对系统产量及土地当量比的影响

摘要

In order to clear the effects of different maize -peanut intercropping modes on system yield and its components and land use efficiency,a two -year field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2014 in North China.In the experiment,six cropping patterns were designed including maize monoculture,peanut monoculture,maize -peanut intercropping planting with row ratio as 2∶3,2∶4,3∶3 and 3∶4 respectively, and their effects on crop yield,yield components and land equivalent ratio were analyzed.The results showed that the maize yield on net area of intercropping pattern increased significantly with ear number per hectare in-creasing,while the grain number per spike and 100 -grain weight decreased.The intercropping mode of maize and peanut at the ratio of 2∶4 obtained the highest maize ear number per hectare and yield on net area and the intercropping peanut yield,so it was the most conducive to the intercropping peanut yield increase un-der the experimental conditions.The land equivalent ratios of these intercropping modes were all greater than 1,which showed the obvious advantage on yield.The intercropping of maize and peanut at the ratio of 3∶4 ob-tained the highest system yield,which was 8 367.0 kg/hm2 in 2013 and 10 432.5 kg/hm2 in 2014;this inter-cropping pattern had advantages on maize and peanut yield,system yield,land equivalent ratio and the land use efficiency which increased 15% ~21%,so it is the ideal cultivation pattern for stabilizing crop yield and increasing oil production.%为进一步明确以稳定玉米产量为目的的不同玉米花生间作模式对间作体系产量、产量构成和土地利用效率的影响，于2013－2014年连续两年通过设置玉米单作、花生单作、玉米花生带状复合种植（行比分别为2∶3、2∶4、3∶3、3∶4）6种种植模式，研究不同间作模式对玉米、花生产量及其产量构成因素、土地当量比的影响。结果表明：间作玉米净面积上产量随净面积上穗数的增加而显著增加，穗粒数和百粒重则呈下降趋势；玉米花生2∶4模式净面积上玉米公顷穗数和产量最高，其间作花生产量最高，是该试验条件下最有利于花生产量提高的一种间作模式；各间作模式土地当量比均大于1，表现出明显的产量优势；玉米花生3∶4模式系统产量最高，2013、2014年分别达到8367．0、10432．5 kg／hm2，均高于同年玉米单作对照和其它间作模式系统产量，其间作玉米、花生产量较高，获得最大土地当量比和系统产量，土地利用效率提高15％、21％，是一种较为理想的稳粮增油的种植方式。