木屑菇渣复配基质理化性状分析及其对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

摘要

本试验以草炭与蛭石体积比为2∶1的基础基质为对照，设计了1．5、1、0．5、0倍体积的基础基质分别与0．5、1、1．5、2倍体积的木屑菇渣配比的4个处理（T1、T2、T3、T4），对其基本理化性状进行了分析，并研究了其对黄瓜幼苗生长发育和幼苗质量的影响。结果表明，各菇渣配方处理随菇渣含量的增加，容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙度均呈递减趋势，而通气孔隙度则呈上升趋势；所有处理气水比在1∶2．02～1∶2．43之间；pH 值、EC 值和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均随着菇渣比例增加而明显升高，pH 值在4．25～7．03之间，EC 值在2．64～5．01之间，氮磷钾营养含量丰富。不同菇渣基质配方对黄瓜幼苗壮苗指数影响值由大到小依次为T1＞T2＞T3＞CK ＞T4，说明 T1、T2和 T3均可取代草炭－蛭石基础基质配方，其中 T2、T3取代率分别达50％、75％，可列为优选配方。%In this study,the basic medium with volume ratio of peat to vermiculite as 2∶1 was chosen as control,and 4 compounded substrates were designed by adding mushroom residue of 0.5,1,1.5 and 2 times volume.Their physical and chemical properties were analyzed,and the effects on growth and quality of cu-cumber seedlings were studied.The results showed that with the increase of mushroom residue in the four de-signed prescriptions,the bulk density,total porosity and water -holding porosity decreased gradually,while the aeration porosity showed a trend of increase.For all treatments,the air -water ratio was 1 ∶2.02 ~1∶2.43,the pH value was 4.25 ~7.03,the EC value was 2.64 ~5.01,and they all contained rich NPK nu-trients.The pH,EC value and contents of alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium all increased with the increase of mushroom residue content.For different treatments,the healthy index of cucum-ber seedlings appeared in a descending order as T1 >T2 >T3 >CK >T4.It indicated that T1,T2 and T3 treatment could substitute the basic medium of peat and vermiculite,among which,T2 and T3 treatment with the replacement rate of mushroom residue as 50% and 75% were considered as ideal candidates.