菌渣基质配方对设施番茄生长、光合特性和品质的影响

摘要

为选出适宜设施番茄优质高产的基质配方和探索菌渣的循环利用途径,本研究采用槽栽+水肥一体化滴灌栽培模式,将菌渣、稻壳等农业废弃物进行不同配比,以土壤栽培为对照(CK),探讨不同菌渣基质配比对设施番茄生长、光合特性和品质的影响.结果显示,与CK相比,A、B和C处理降低了番茄株高,并显著增加番茄植株的茎粗;A、B、C、D处理均可增加番茄单果重和产量,以B处理增加最为显著,C处理次之;A和E处理显著降低了番茄植株净光合速率;A、B、C、D、E处理均可提高番茄果实中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物,降低有机酸含量,同时也提高了NO3-含量;不同配比基质配方处理不同程度影响番茄的产量、光合特性及果实品质.综合本研究各项指标来看,对于秋冬茬设施番茄来讲,B处理栽培效果最佳,这对今后菌渣的有效利用具有重要的指导意义.%To explore the recycling way of mushroom residue and select suitable matrix formula for high yield and quality of tomato,under the condition of trough cultivation with drip irrigation,mixing the mushroom residue and rice husk in different proportion matrixes,taking soil cultivation as control (CK),we studied the effects of different matrix formula ratios of mushroom residue on greenhouse tomato growth,photosynthetic characteristics and quality.The results showed that,compared with CK,A,B and C treatments reduced the tomato plant height and increased the stem diameter significantly.A,B,C and D treatments increased the single fruit weight and yield,among which,B treatment increased the most,followed by C treatment.The net photosynthetic rate was decreased significantly by A and E treatments.A,B,C,D and E treatments improved the soluble sugar,soluble protein and soluble solids contents in tomato fruits,and also the NO3-content,but reduced the organic acid content.The formula with different mix ratios affected yield,photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality in different degrees.In conclusion,B matrix formula had the best effects for autumn-winter greenhouse tomato,which provided an important guiding significance to utilization of mushroom residue in future.