彩色经颅多普勒超声血流仪(TCD)在急危重症中的应用

摘要

目的:探讨彩色经颅多普勒超声血流仪(TCD)在急性脑血管疾病进行脑血流监测的意义.方法:观察40例急诊脑血管疾病患者急性期脑血流动态变化规律;观察疾病发展变化与脑血流的关系.结果:脑梗死组20例中5例受累血管信号消失,但其余各受检血管的多普勒频移信号良好,15例受累血管的收缩期血流速度明显降低,低于对侧同名血管收缩期血流速度的1/2～2/3以下;20例中8例测到受累血管的侧支循环血流.脑出血组20例中在急性期均可监测到一侧的单只血管收缩期血流速度及平均血流速度增高,血流速度增高在发病后数小时开始,2～7d内达到高峰.结论:TCD为急诊快速筛查脑动脉狭窄提供了可能,为血管狭窄、闭塞的诊断和预防提供一定的客观依据;评价代偿动脉和患侧脑血管血流速度,从功能上反映侧枝血管代偿的实际情况.可对急诊脑出血患者的出血部位进行定位,收缩期血流速度明显增高的多普勒频谱信号的血管,即为出血受累血管;可对脑出血患者进行监护,以确定血管痉挛发展程度,血流速度越来越高,表明出血继续存在.%Objective: Study the value of transcranial doppler(TCD) monitoring cerebral blood flow in acute cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: Monitoring the cerebral blood flow of 20 patients who suffer from cerebral infarction and 20 cerebral hemorrhage patients, research the relationship between cerebral blood flow and the progress of the disease. Result:There are 5 cases in 20 patients with cerebral infarction that involved vessels" signal disappeared, but the rest of the vessels" signal was good, the other 15 cases involved vessels' systolic blood flow velocity was significantly lower than that in the contralateral synonym vessels' flow rate of 1/2 - 2/3; there were collateral circulation for the involved vessels 8 cases. 20 patients with cerebral hemorrhage in acute stage were monitored that the systolic blood flow velocity an mean blood flow velocity were increased in single vessel in one side of the cerebrum, the blood flow velocity increasing began in the first few hours and reached the peak in 2～7 days. Conclusion: TCD offers the possibility for rapid screening cerebral arterial stenosis, and objective basis for hemadostenosis and vascular occlusion diagnosis and prevention. TCD can evaluate the blood flow to reflect the practical situation of the collateral vessel' compensation on functional side. It also can locate the bleeding position of cerebral hemorrhage, the bleeding vessel should have a increasing signal of blood flow. TCD can monitor patients with cerebral hemorrhage, to make sure of the development degree of the vasospasm, the increasing blood flow velocity means continuous bleeding.